ABSTRACT
In this study,in-depth systematic evaluation of rat of acute kidney injury(AKI) caused by renal arteriovenous ligation was conducted to better master and apply this model for drug research. Male SD rats of 2-3 months old were employed in this study.The left kidney was removed,and the right kidney received ligation for 40 min and reperfusion for 24 h. Serum creatinine(Crea),urea nitrogen(BUN) and the renal tissue sections were assayed as the basic indicators to evaluate their renal function. The mRNA expression of inflammatory necrosis factors and apoptotic factors was used to evaluate the mechanism of molecular pathophysiological changes. The results showed that the serum Crea and BUN caused by ligation of both renal arteries and veins were significantly higher than those of rats with renal artery ligation. After renal arteriovenous ligation for 40 min and reperfusion for 24 h in rats,the serum Crea of the rats varied from less than 100 μmol·L-1 to more than 430 μmol·L-1. Among them,5 rats showed less than 100 μmol·L-1 serum Crea,20 rats with 100-200 μmol·L-1 serum Crea and 12 rats with more than 430 μmol·L-1. Rats with serum Crea between 300-430 μmol·L-1 accounted for 66.3%(122/184) of the total number of the experiment rats. After 72 h reperfusion,serum Crea in the group of Crea 370-430 μmol·L-1 continued to increase,while the serum Crea in the group of Crea 200-300 μmol·L-1 and the group of Crea 300-370 μmol·L-1 recovered quickly. No matter serum Crea was elevated or decreased,the renal tubules showed pathological changes such as vacuolar degeneration or even necrosis. The mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptor(TLR4),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) and interleukin(IL-6) in renal tissueswere significantly up-regulated,and the effect was most obvious in the group of serum Crea 370-430 μmol·L-1. The study indicated that the model for AKI caused by renal arteriovenous ligation and reperfusion is easy to operate,and the serum Crea and BUN have the characteristics of continuous increase,beneficial to the observation of drug effects. This acute kidney injury is mainly related to the pathophysiological response of inflammatory necrosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acute Kidney Injury , Pathology , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Creatinine , Blood , Disease Models, Animal , Kidney , Pathology , Kidney Tubules , Pathology , Ligation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Renal Artery , Reperfusion InjuryABSTRACT
The coverage rate of HPV vaccination in China is still very low,and the main reason may be related to people's confusion about the choice of vaccine types,the best age of vaccination,vaccination procedures and prices and other factors.This paper briefly describes the etiology of cervical cancer,the approval of HPV vaccine,the application status of HPV vaccine in foreign countries,and the current situation and challenges in the use of cervical cancer vaccine in China,and advocates that obstetrics and gynaecology experts/disease control experts actively promote the prevention and control of cervical cancer,so that young girls and their parents understand the knowledge related to cervical cancer and HPV vaccine,and young girls can be vaccinated with HPV vaccine as early as possible,so as to improve the coverage rate of HPV vaccination and eliminate cervical cancer.
ABSTRACT
Zeolite supportedα-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid ( CHCA) as novel composite matrix was applied in matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) analysis of substance P and small molecular compounds of fluoroquinolones. In the experiment, this new matrix was examined and compared with conventional organic matrix CHCA. The results indicated that the novel composite matrix was capable of suppressing the alkali metal related peaks and interference fragments, simplifying mass spectra in low-molecular-weight region, and promoting ionization efficiency. The influence of SiO2/Al2 O3 ratio of ZSM-5 and porous diameter of ZSM-5 and Beta zeolites on performance of MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of substance P was also investigated under the same conditions. In contrast, it was regarded that the strong surface acidity and sufficient cavity for loading CHCA were beneficial for interference fragments suppression and peak intensity enhancement. Additionally, it was successfully applied in the detection of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in complex samples.
ABSTRACT
Zeolite supportedα-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid ( CHCA) as novel composite matrix was applied in matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) analysis of substance P and small molecular compounds of fluoroquinolones. In the experiment, this new matrix was examined and compared with conventional organic matrix CHCA. The results indicated that the novel composite matrix was capable of suppressing the alkali metal related peaks and interference fragments, simplifying mass spectra in low-molecular-weight region, and promoting ionization efficiency. The influence of SiO2/Al2 O3 ratio of ZSM-5 and porous diameter of ZSM-5 and Beta zeolites on performance of MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of substance P was also investigated under the same conditions. In contrast, it was regarded that the strong surface acidity and sufficient cavity for loading CHCA were beneficial for interference fragments suppression and peak intensity enhancement. Additionally, it was successfully applied in the detection of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in complex samples.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate stress distributions on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with different disc displacements through numerical simulation. Methods A three-dimensional finite element model of normal TMJ including the mandible, teeth, discs and articular cartilage was established according to CT images of a volunteer with asymptomatic joints. Base on the model, four corresponding models with the anterior, posterior, lateral and medial displacement of the disc were developed. Contact elements were considered to simulate the interaction between the discs and articular cartilages of the condyle and the temporal bone. Cable elements were used to simulate the ligaments and attachments of the disc. The muscle forces and boundary conditions corresponding to the centric occlusions were applied on the models. Results The maximum compressive stress occurred at the intermediate zone due to the anterior displacement of the disc, which was as high as 3.23 MPa. The stresses in the model with the posterior, lateral and medial displacements of the disc were higher than the model with the anterior displacement of the disc and healthy TMJ model. The stresses at the back of the articular eminences in four models with disc displacements were much higher than those in healthy TMJ model. However, the effects of disc displacements on the stresses of the condyles were not obvious. Conclusions Disc displacements could cause higher stresses in the discs and at the back of the articular eminences, especially in the model with the posterior, lateral and medial displacements of the disc, which was likely to cause damage to TMJ structure and function.